In a data-shipping database system, data items are retrieved from the server machines, cached and processed at the client machines, and then shipped back to the server. Cache consistency controls typically rely on a ...

In distributed system, the database can be replicated in multiple servers stored at different sites.Certain data items may be redundantly stored at more than one site for reliability reasons.Replication is a key to ...

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application was used predominately in manufacturing sector and hardly used in nonprofit organizations. Using ERP systems in nonprofit organizations has special features and unique ...